The classical radiometer equation in a limited medium in which discrete particles absorb and scatter

Conversion temperature (CT) calculations of absorbing and scattering particles in a precipitation medium were performed using the radiation equation and a cylindrical precipitation model. Data of the cumulative distribution function of satellite transmission path attenuation are necessary for satellite/ground-station connection designs. Rain, wind direction, and wind velocity impact on CT was investigated. Calculated and measured CT values were compared at 11.4 GHz frequency. The CT values calculated with a Joss-Thunderstorm drop distribution and a 0.5 ground emission coefficient are located in the 250 to 260 K area. The calculations agree with a cumulative distribution determined on a 66 hr registration time.