Methods for use of the single-electrode voltage clamp

In order to obtain reliable data with the single-electrode voltage clamp, proper controls and test procedures must be done. The switching frequency and duty cycle are set according to the requirements of the cells and the experiment. Electrodes are used only if they can follow the switching frequency chosen and can pass required amounts of current without rectification. In each cell, the clamping ability of the electrode is tested with a calibrator signal.