Optimal space trajectories

Techniques for the optimization (in terms of minimal mass loss) of spacecraft trajectories are developed. The optimal transfer is defined; a model of the propulsion system is presented; the two-impulse Hohmann transfer between coplanar circular orbits is shown to be the optimal trajectory for that case; and the problems of optimal transfer in general, uniform, and central gravitational fields are analyzed. A number of specific cases are examined and illustrated with diagrams and graphs.