Design of swirled axisymmetric turbulent jets

The problem of swirling a jet for such applications as turbulization of the flame from burners in industrial furnaces or combustion chambers is treated on the basis of steady state turbulent straight axisymmetric flow of an incompressible fluid with the addition of a tangential velocity component. In the corresponding system of four partial differential equations there appears an exchange coefficient proportional to the mixing half width squared. After reduction to dimensionless form, this system of nonlinear equations is solved for the appropriate boundary conditions with constant momentum flow and constant moment of momentum. Radial profiles of both axial and tangential velocity components at various distances from the nozzle throat have been calculated numerically by the method of finite differences with an implicit scheme. The maxima of both velocity components are found to decrease and to shift toward the jet axis with increasing distance from the nozzle. A sharp swirl can give rise to a positive pressure gradient sufficiently large to produce a backcurrent. The results agree qualitatively with experimental data.