Optimum synthesis of stepped second class phase-shifters

A structure for the electrical circuits of phase shifters is investigated. The object of this is to obtain an optimum synthesis of stepped second class phase shifters. The base of the new structure is a cascade connection of lengths of connected and nonconnected lines, the length of which varies. The coupling coefficients of the lengths of connected lines are identical and the overall number of lengths of connected and nonconnected lines is always odd. An evaluation is made of the results obtained, tables of the parameters are presented, and a classification of stepped phase shifters is introduced.