Grain orientation effects on electrical properties of bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric Pb(1-x)(NaCe)x/2 Bi4Ti4O15 solid solution

Electrical properties, such as dielectric, resistive, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, of bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) are studied on grain orientation prepared by the hot-forging (H.F.) method. The BLSF compound which can stand the high temperature poling process is Pb_(1-x) (NaCe)_x/2 Bi₄Ti₄O₁₅ (PNC-100x) consisting of PbBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ modified by partial substitution of (NaCe)_1/2 for Pb. The effects of the solid solution introduced on piezoelectric properties are mentioned. The piezoelectrically activated PNC solid solution has a larger value of electromechanical coupling factors k_t and k₃₃ than those of nonmodified samples. The grain orientation makes the piezoelectric properties of BLSF ceramics much more pronounced than those of the nonoriented ceramics. Coupling factor k₃₃ along with piezoelectric constants d₃₃ and g₃₃ of H.F. PNC ceramics are enhanced and their anisotropies in k₃₃/k₃₁, d₃₃/d₃₁, and g₃₃/g₃₁ are emphasized.