Integrated circuit techniques

The features of semiconductor integrated circuits are considered, taking into account the multiple use of regions, the multiple use of the conductivity layer, approaches for achieving good isolation, the matching of characteristics, temperature compensation by intimate thermal coupling, lateral structures, active devices as passive elements, and the utilization of unorthodox transistor effects. Limitations of integrated circuits are related to resistance and capacitance values, cross-talk, power dissipation, and aspects of yield. Attention is given to integrated circuits using bipolar transistors, bipolar analog integrated circuit techniques, balanced circuits, operational amplifiers, the MOS integrated structure, MOS circuit technologies for analog IC, semiconductor memories, the microprocessor, and aspects of digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion.