Frequency dependence of the parameters of the most probable trajectory of rays in a refracting medium with isomeric irregularities

A theoretical study is made of deviations of the most probable trajectories of rays in a refracting medium with isomeric irregularities (e.g., the ionosphere) from the unperturbed trajectories. Numerical results indicate that scattering in the direction opposite to the refractive-index gradient is paramount in such a medium. Therefore, the most probable trajectory in this medium is higher than the unperturbed trajectory, is shifted away from the radiation source, and is asymmetric with respect to the region of wave reflection from the layer.