Theoretical calculation of phased array lens antenna

This paper proposes a passive lens which is based on the prismatic refraction principle and is used to amplify the scan angle of a phased array. The lens may consist of either an array with any curved surface of revolution or dielectric material. Formulae are derived for the calculation of: (1) the fixed phase distribution for the array lens, (2) the configuration curve of the dielectric lens, and (3) the aperture phase of a feed-phased array. Results are graphically presented for a spherical array lens, a parabolical array lens of revolution, and an elliptical array lens of revolution. The use of the present lens enables a single planar phased array antenna to achieve beam scanning for hemispherical coverage.