The effect of stellar approaches on planetary orbits

An analysis is presented of the effect of the stellar field on planetary orbits in the solar system over the entire evolution of the latter. It is shown that the effect of the regular field of the Galaxy is insignificant, and that the effect of the stochastic irregular field is also small. The averaging method was used to obtain quantitative estimates of perturbations of planetary orbits due to stellar approaches to the sun. It is shown that the present approach can be extended to the study of the effect of stellar approaches on the orbits of binary stars and the motion of gas in circumstellar nebulae.