Gamma-Astronomie mit COS-B.

The gamma-ray observatory COS-B (launched in 1975 and operational until 1982) is described, and major findings of its observational program are summarized. The design and operating principles of the gamma telescope are discussed, and the physics of gamma-ray emission are reviewed. The problems of atmospheric and cosmic background and their effects on the choice of orbit are considered. The observations of point sources and attempts to identify and classify them are explored, and the diffuse sources are compared to gas (especially H2) densities at great and small distances. Graphs and maps illustrate the most significant findings. It is estimated that the inverse-Compton effect can account for up to 20 percent of the gamma emission near the Galactic center. A number of current and planned gamma observatories are characterized.