Reliability principles for instruments and instrument parts in quantum electronics

Standard procedures are outlined for solving a complex of interrelated problems concerning reliability. The solution is based on a stochastic parametric degradation model of working capacity. The model characterizes the statistical dependence of the output parameters of an instrument on the parameters of the elements making up the instrument and on the conditions under which these elements operate. It also allows for the physical and chemical processes occurring during operation. To illustrate the approach proposed, the oscillators of ruby and helium-neon lasers, the elements of these lasers, and the electrooptical modulator are treated.