Multipath effects on an azimuthal monopulse system

The first topic considered is an analysis of the conditions under which the conventional definition of length of the glistening surface, as given by Beckmann and Spizzichino (1963), is not valid. For some conditions, significant amounts of incoherent scattered power can be received from areas beyond the conventional length. A second topic is the investigation of the effect on azimuthal angular tracking accuracy due to such scattering factors as shadowing, surface height distribution, standard deviation in surface height sigma, surface correlation length T, unevenness and inhomogeneity of the terrain, antenna heights, and signal polarization. The amount of additional incoherent power not included under the conventional definition depends on the ratio sigma/T, except for the case where both transmitter and receiver are very close to the surface. The trends in the behavior of the glistening surface are similar for vertical or horizontal polarization, for Gaussian or exponential surface height distributions, and for different signal frequencies in the S-band to L-band range.