Calculation of heat transfer in turbulent transpired boundary layers

The one-equation model of Norris and Reynolds (1975) and the two-equation model of Lam and Bremhorst (1978) are assessed in application to a range of transpired and nontranspired flow conditions, with attention to the heat transfer behavior of boundary layers in zero, adverse, and favorable pressure gradients, as well as to cases with blowing rate step changes. Comparisons are made with experimental skin friction coefficient and Stanton number data, together with velocity and temperature profiles, and it is found that the one-equation model predicts the effects of transpiration on equilibrium boundary layers correctly despite difficulties in the reproduction of relaminarizing and relaxing flows. The two-equation model simulates these features correctly, although modifications are needed to improve performance in equilibrium cases with transpiration and for adverse pressure gradient boundary layers.