Radio wave propagation: A handbook of practical techniques for computing basic transmission loss and field strength

This Handbook contains a set of validated models for the computation of the basic transmission loss between a transmitter and a remotely sited receiver. Emphasis is on terrestrial, air-ground, air-air, and Earth-satellite circuits in the 10 kHz band. The effects of the imperfectly conducting, irregularly-shaped Earth's surface, the troposphere, and the ionosphere are accounted for, as are meteorological variations and ray path obstruction by vegetation and urban structures. Only one model is presented for each type of circuit. The rationale for the selection is discussed. In most cases a version of this model is presented in the form of graphs, tables, or formulas that can be evaluated with hand-held calculations.