Investigation of the space charge field reduction factor in a klystron in the nonlinear mode

Computer simulation of the electronic processes is used to calculate the space charge field reduction factor for a bunched electron beam in the nonlinear mode of operation of a klystron. Compared with the linear mode of operation, the reduction factor is found to depend on the initial velocity modulation, the value of space charge, the spatial coordinates, and the transit angle. With increasing transit angle, the reduction factor increases for bunched electrons and decreases for dispersed electrons.