The Florey Lecture, 1982: Discovery: Accident or Design?

The lecturer reviews the extent to which his own experiments on muscle have followed the course intended when they were planned. His observations on changes in the striation pattern were designed to reinvestigate the formation of `contraction bands', repeatedly observed in the 19th century but neglected more recently. This phenomenon was indeed seen during active shortening, but the most important outcome consisted of two quite unexpected observations which suggested the existence of a sliding-filament system. Experiments on local activation were planned on the hypothesis that activation was conducted inward from the surface membrane along the Z line. This was apparently confirmed in the first experiments, on fibres from frog muscle, but experiments on muscle fibres from other animals, together with improvements in electron microscope technique, showed that this was a coincidence and that the Z line as such is not involved. Investigation of the transient changes of tension when a stimulated muscle fibre is suddenly shortened required a series of exploratory measurements before a useful hypothesis could be formulated. Some personal factors that have motivated scientists, including Lord Florey himself, are discussed.