Venera 13 and Venera 14
Abstract
The missions placed emphasis on the following: atmospheric structure and dynamics; the chemical and isotopic composition of atmospheric gases; the physical properties and composition of clouds; soil composition; the geological and physical properties of the surface layer; and the internal structure. The first measurements were made of the solar ultraviolet radiation flux in the Venus atmosphere. It has been found that part of this radiation is absorbed above the 60-km level, helping to explain the extraordinary characteristics of the atmospheric motion. In addition, the first measurements were made of all the inert gases (neon, argon, krypton, xenon) in the Venus atmosphere and of many of their isotopes. The missions also made the first simultaneous measurements of the water vapor abundance by means of direct and optical techniques.
- Publication:
-
Pisma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
- Pub Date:
- August 1982
- Bibcode:
- 1982PAZh....8..387S
- Keywords:
-
- Space Exploration;
- Space Missions;
- Venera Satellites;
- Venus Atmosphere;
- Venus Surface;
- Chemical Composition;
- Cosmology;
- Planetary Geology;
- Spaceborne Experiments;
- U.S.S.R. Space Program;
- Lunar and Planetary Exploration