A finite element method for solving Helmholtz type equations in waveguides and other unbounded domains

A finite element method is described for solving Helmholtz type boundary value problems in unbounded regions, including those with infinite boundaries. Typical examples include the propagation of acoustic or electromagnetic waves in waveguides. The radiation condition at infinity is based on separation of variables and differs from the classical Sommerfeld radiation condition. It is shown that the problem may be replaced by a boundary value problem on a fixed bounded domain. The behavior of the solution near infinity is incorporated in a nonlocal boundary condition. This problem is given a weak or variational formulation, and the finite element method is then applied. It is proved that optimal error estimates hold.