Characteristics of receiving antennas consisting of independently loaded dipoles

Systems consisting of independently loaded dipoles, such as Rectenna, are examined with reference to their physical characteristics. It is shown that such systems have characteristics identical with the transmission characteristics of systems consisting of the same dipoles with mutually incoherent excitation. A system of dipoles with independent loads has relatively weak directivity due to the absence of the coherent increase or decrease or decrease of the field in the corresponding directions observed in systems with coherent dipole excitation.