Engineering design guidelines for electromagnetic pulse hardening of naval equipment

This document is intended to be used by engineers who design and manufacture shipboard equipment. It is complete in the sense that both the EMP hazard and the means of mitigating the hazard (hardening) are presented. The hazard is described, which not only discusses EMP generation in a general sense, but it also presents specific threat levels for EMP fields and transient currents and voltages included on cables and antennas which are connected to electronic equipment. This specific threat constitutes an EMP survivability criteria which must be met by the mission critical equipment. The necessary hardening technology areas include volume shielding, cable shielding and connectors, interface susceptibility analysis, terminal protective devices, upset and upset hardening, common mode rejection techniques, optical isolation, and grounding/bonding techniques. Test techniques which can verify equipment hardness are presented along with methods to observe the equipment's hardness and maintain the hardness.