Sensitivity and high-frequency performance of new wave active filters

Wave active filters (WAF) with reduced numbers of operational amplifiers are studied to investigate sensitivity and operation at high frequencies. A method of compensation for the effect of the finite gain-bandwidth product (GB) of the operational amplifiers is suggested, and lossy and lossless WAFs with the same 6th-order of bandpass function are compared in terms of sensitivity and limitations at high frequencies. It is found that WAFs are less immune to operational amplifier finite GB than corresponding uncompensated leap-frog filters, although appreciable improvement at frequencies up to 100 kHz for 741 type amplifiers is possible by connecting two small capacitors across certain resistors.