Scattering of radio emissions in the envelopes of compact sources

The mechanisms causing the turbulence responsible for the existence of scattering inhomogeneities near compact sources are considered, as are the energy sources of the turbulence. It is shown that, in the scattering of radio emissions in the envelope surrounding a compact source, inhomogeneities in electron density can play an important role. These inhomogeneities are caused by high-frequency plasma waves, namely, Langmuir waves, ion-acoustic waves, and whistlers.