Orbit perturbations - The effects

Various problems of satellite orbit perturbation are reviewed. The expansion of the R20 perturbing function in osculating elements and the integration of the Lagrange equations is considered for the simplified J2 problem. The problem of the geopotential is then examined with emphasis on the expansion of the perturbing function in osculating elements, the integration of the Lagrange equations, and the classification of perturbations. Consideration is also given to the resonance problem; perigee libration near a critical inclination, the case of a 24-hour satellite, and quasi-resonance with higher-order tesseral harmonics are examined. Finally, a problem of orbital-element evolution involving the effect of air friction is discussed.