Present and future of the direct television satellite

Direct-to-home television satellite broadcasting systems already in operation, and probable future systems requirements, are reviewed. Because of the diversity of needs, from large areas with uneven population density to small areas with high population density, and consequent differences in ground reception systems, designs for the future will require a higher radiated power than is provided by present day television satellites. Principal specifications for the French and German programs, including major payload specifications, antenna configurations, service modules and power generation, are given. The development of the joint French-German program to the design of a family of direct TV satellites is described. Problems of antenna design and coverage areas are considered.