Rain attenuation over earth-satellite paths - A seasonal, oceanic model

This analysis of precipitation-attenuation over earth-satellite paths for ocean and coastal terminals extends a model proposed by Crane (1978). Refinements to correct for local measured total rainfall and frequency of occurrence are proposed. The Crane's model is converted to a seasonal one and extended up to the 6 to 36 percent of the time region. Four maps of the world's oceans show the nine precipitation-rate regions by season. Four world maps of mean freezing height adequately present these seasonal inputs to the model. A method for estimating the outage duration distribution is proposed and used to estimate the median and mean daily outage durations and the average number of outages per day.