The influence of timing recovery on the mean error probability use

An analytical method is shown, by means of which the influence of real timing recovery on symbol error probability for baseband data transmission can be taken into account. The distribution density of the error of the sampling instant or its mean value and variance is needed as additional system parameter, respectively. These parameters are calculated from the properties of the received signal and the timing recovery. For this purpose an analytical method is described which is applicable to all multilevel- and partial-response-codes and to any non-linearities of the timing recovery and which takes into account the influence of linear distortions of the transmission line. Finally, the influence of errors of the sampling instant and the consequence of a real timing recovery on the mean error probability is demonstrated by application examples for five technically interesting transmission codes. In addition the non-linearity and the bandwidth of timing recovery is optimized.