Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System (IREPS): Interim user's manual

This document is an interim user's manual for the Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System (IREPS). To provide a theoretical background for users of the system, electro-magnetic (EM) wave propagation in the lower atmosphere is reviewed in terms of naval radar, communications, and electronic warfare system performance. A discussion of surface-based ducts, elevated ducts, and evaporation ducts is included. Also included, is a survey of some tactical applications of atmospheric ducting to naval warfare. The operation portion of this document describes the IREPS. This provides a detailed description of the various IREPS products and how they are used to define optimum propagation conditions for a given EM system.