Millimeter pulse modulation with lumped element circuitry

Both AM and PM pulse modulators are dealt with for millimeter waves using lumped element circuits. A circuit technique is described which utilizes evanscent mode resonators. In this technique, induction is represented by short sections of rectangular waveguide below cutoff, capacitance by obstacles in the waveguide, such as capacitive screw or a thin sheet of dielectric. The diode imbedding is assumed to be a matching network. By applying a mathematical technique, a broader band performance was achieved compared to typical bandwidths of phase modulators in the Q-band region. A type of transmission modulator with a phase shift of 45 degrees was also developed with two diodes switching elements having a insertion loss of 0.5 dB.