A reflection coefficient transforming circuit for phase shifters

Formulae are derived for the design of impedance transforming two port networks which transform the reflection coefficients of an arbitrary two state impedance termination such as a circuit containing a switchable semiconductor element. The transformed reflection coefficients at the input have equal magnitude for both states of the termination and differ in angle by a prescribed amount. In a reflection type phase shifter, these circuits eliminate amplitude fluctuations at the output when phase is switched.