Precise calibration of coherent and non-coherent weather radars by means of a radar transponder

The paper describes (presenting a block diagram) a versatile coded radar transponder technique which offers considerable promise in the calibration of both Doppler and non-Doppler weather radars. The technique is intermediate between the lumped and discrete component approaches in that this transponder provides for separate calibrations of the transmitting and receiving systems. Once the transponder is sited, adjusted and calibrated, radar transmitter and receiver data can be obtained at the radar as often as desired. The transponder also provides a single frequency calibration signal which is useful for monitoring Doppler receiving and processing equipment.