Grounded synthetic inductors with negative impedance converters

Synthesis of two selected types of grounded synthetic inductors featuring current negative impedance converters as building blocks is discussed. The circuits to be realized exhibit frequency-independent characteristics and capability of altering loss resistance in straightforward manner (both negative and positive impedance values considered). MC type graphs are employed in the synthesis procedure (Mikula 1974, 1975). Transformation graphs and relations of some circuit parameters are illustrated.