An impact of a fluid-filled spherical shell with a shallow spherical shell of larger radius: A model for head injury

A mathematical modelling of a nonpenetrated type of head impact process in a crash involving a moving vehicle was simulated by imposing a negative acceleration impulse on a vehicle possessing initial speeds of 10 mph and 50 mph. A vehicle occupant wearing only a lap-type belt was assumed receiving a head impact during the collision. Mathematical expressions which lead to one hundred and seventy-five differential equations govern the motion of the vertebral column. The results obtained from the numerical solutions of these equations adequately predicted the instantaneous body positions before a head impact.