Heat transfer for laminar flow in curved pipes with uniform wall heat flux

Heat transfer in a curved circular pipe was studied experimentally for Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids flowing through the pipe. Oscillations in local Nusselt number variations with axial distance along both inner and outer sides of the curved pipe confirm the existence of secondary flow due to centrifugal forces. The secondary flow contributes to the total heat transfer by a convective component not present in the straight pipe flow.