Detection of atoms and molecules by Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence

Scattering and fluorescence mechanisms are examined and the basic properties of Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence are considered. Attention is given to the difference between resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence, near-resonance Raman scattering, resonance scattering, fluorescence and its quenching in the atmosphere, the laser radar equation, atmospheric transmittance and extinction, the principle of atmospheric temperature measurements by the Raman scattering method, the detection of major molecular components in the atmosphere, the measurement of the water vapor profile in the atmosphere, the monitoring of molecular pollutants in the atmosphere, remote measurements of atmospheric temperature, a resonance fluorescence scheme for detection of atoms in the upper atmosphere, and questions of detector sensitivity and system performance of laser radar monitoring.