Materials testing by ultrasonics /3rd revised edition/

The physical principles of ultrasonic testing are examined, taking into account general wave characteristics, the behavior of planar sonic waves at boundary layers, aspects of geometric ultrasonic optics, a description of the sound field and the acoustic beam on the basis of wave theory, echo and shadow effects concerning an obstacle in a sound field, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in solid materials, and piezoelectric approaches for the generation and the reception of ultrasonic waves. Electrostatic, electrodynamic, optic, and magnetostriction methods are also considered. Procedures and devices for ultrasonic testing applications are discussed along with questions of general testing technology and the approaches employed in connection with a number of specific testing problems.