Propagation in ducts and waveguides possessing irregular features. Full wave solutions

The impetus to produce rigorous solutions to more realistic models of pertinent propagation problems over a wide frequency range has generated the need to derive full wave solutions to problems of radio wave propagation in nonuniform multilayered structures. The considerable growth in civil and military interest in the development of more reliable communication and detection systems, the potential for developing radio wave methods for remote sensing and the need to develop hardened communication systems have contributed much to this renewed interest. These developments have been paralleled by remarkable advances that have been made in the availability of high powered, very low frequency electromagnetic sources that are capable of radiating deeper into the earth's crust as well as the availability of transmitters operating at optical frequencies. The ready access to large, versatile digital computers has made it possible to employ the full wave approach to obtain numerical solutions to a wide class of important problems which have hitherto been either ignored or over-idealized in order to reduce them to tractable problems.