Controlling the separation of laminar boundary layers in water: Heating and suction

The effects of suction on the delay of separation are well known--analyses, computations, and measurements over the past seventy years have shown that laminar separation can be delayed almost indefinitely, if the additional complexities and costs of suction are tolerable. However, the effects of surface heating on delay of separation are less well known--there are no measurements available, and there are no directly applicable analyses or computations. To fill this gap, an analysis of the minimum surface overheat that will delay separation for a prescribed adverse pressure gradient in water is given.