Effects of entrained particle spectra on bubble nucleation

Bubble nucleation threshold pressures in a liquid, for either boiling or cavitation, were observed to depend very heavily upon the size, type, and number of nuclei of sites existing in the liquid. In the case of boiling, these sites are usually stationary and affixed to the heater walls (as micro-crevices, eg.), whereas for cavitation they are most often entrained with the liquid as gas or vapor microbubbles. In many cases they may be hosted upon entrained solid microparticles.