Aperture spatial filter synthesis for remote atmospheric probing and an application in a MM-wave experiment

The longitudinal distribution of transverse wind velocity and structure constant of atmospheric turbulence along a line-of-sight millimeter wave propagation patch can be found from signals received with a linear multielement antenna array. The signals received alternately on each of the antenna elements from two slightly separated transmitter apertures are summed to form array signals and processed to generate cross-spectra. To a close approximation, the magnitude and phase of the complex cross-spectra correspond directly to the structure constant and the transverse wind velocity along the path. In contrast with previous methods, this procedure results in an improved orthogonality of the integral inversion problem, yielding a resolution of N sections along the path for an N element array.