S-parameters and their representation on the basis of quadripole theory

The basic characteristics of a quadripole are briefly examined. It is pointed out that the parameters of the scattering matrix or S-matrix, which are briefly called S-parameters, are used in the case of frequencies above 100 MHz. The derivation of the S-parameters is considered along with their representation in a signal flow diagram. Magnitude and phase of the S-parameters are determined with the aid of network analyzers or vector voltmeters. The measurement procedure is briefly described. Attention is given to a transformation of the S-parameters into other parameters. The determination of the S-parameters in a specific case is illustrated with the aid of a computational example.