Introduction to the theory of space-charge optics

Basic relationships and methods are examined, giving attention to the time-constant electric-magnetic field, electric-magnetic fields with specific structure, the approximative solution of the potential equations, the determination of the electric-magnetic field by measurement, the classical equations of motion, the approximative solution of the equations of motion, and the determination of trajectories by measurement. Questions of space-charge flow are considered along with electron guns, space-charge effects in electron beams, and methods of focusing by magnetic and electric-magnetic fields.