Microwave theory of phased-array antennas - A review

A historical background regarding the development of phased-array antennas is given and a phase-array model is presented. Questions concerning the element array are considered, giving attention to the element angular weighting factor, the properties of the theoretical solution for the driving point impedance of the infinite array, the element lattice and grating-lobe lattice, the solution of the boundary value problem, the effect of higher modes in the element distribution, the waveguide element array, the modal analysis for dipole arrays, resonance effects produced by an external sheet radome, and the end effect in finite arrays. Phase shifters for arrays are also discussed along with phased-array feed systems.