Incorporation of strontium into reef coral skeletal carbonate

Two thousand and twenty well-characterized coral specimens from 17 localities have been analyzed for Sr. Seventy-three genera and subgenera, mostly hermatypic scleractinians, are represented. For some genera, specimens living in surface reef environments are compared with those from 18.3 m depths on the same reefs. Growth rates for some species have also been measured at these depths at one of the sampling sites. Skeletal strontium for a given genus decreases with increasing water temperature, a relationship which previously eluded detection. Aragonite deposited by corals living on the reef at a depth of 18.3 m contains more strontium than the skeletal aragonite of the same coral genera from shallow-water, surface environments. Quantitative treatment of the data for Acropora, one of the most abundant and widely distributed of the reef-building corals, suggests that the observed strontium variations may reflect variations in the rate of skeletal calcification, rather than direct dependence upon temperature or water depth. There is evidence for 'species effects', apparently unrelated to growth rate differences, in that certain coral genera are consistently enriched or depleted in skeletal strontium content relative to other genera living in the same reef environments under identical ambient conditions. Temperature, salinity, water depth, seawater composition, and/or other such parameters may in part determine the levels of trace element concentration in carbonates deposited by corals and other marine invertebrates, but it would appear that these variables more directly affect physiological processes which in turn control skeletal chemistry.