Fixed-Point Quantum Search

The quantum search algorithm consists of an iterative sequence of selective inversions and diffusion type operations, as a result of which it is able to find a state with desired properties (target state) in an unsorted database of size N in only N queries. This is achieved by designing the iterative transformations in a way that each iteration results in a small rotation of the state vector in a two-dimensional Hilbert space that includes the target state; if we choose the right number of iterative steps, we will stop just at the target state. This Letter shows that by replacing the selective inversions by selective phase shifts of (π)/(3), the algorithm preferentially converges to the target state irrespective of the step size or number of iterations. This feature leads to robust search algorithms and also to new schemes for quantum control and error correction.