Semiclassical theory of nonlinear magneto-optical responses with applications to topological Dirac/Weyl semimetals

We study nonlinear magneto-optical responses of metals by a semiclassical Boltzmann equation approach. We derive general formulas for linear and second-order nonlinear optical effects in the presence of magnetic fields that include both the Berry curvature and the orbital magnetic moment. Applied to Weyl fermions, the semiclassical approach (i) captures the directional anisotropy of linear conductivity under a magnetic field as a consequence of an anisotropic B² contribution, which may explain the low-field regime of recent experiments; and (ii) predicts strong second harmonic generation proportional to B that is enhanced as the Fermi energy approaches the Weyl point, leading to large nonlinear Kerr rotation. Moreover, we show that the semiclassical formula for the circular photogalvanic effect arising from the Berry curvature dipole is reproduced by a full quantum calculation using a Floquet approach.