Magnetic field and radial velocity fluxes at the initial stages of the evolution of solar active regions based on measurements at the photospheric level

In this article, the physical processes occurring in the convective layer and the photosphere of the Sun and their connection to the formation of active regions (ARs) and the development of the corresponding magnetic field are explored. Specifically, we test the magnetic flux emergence hypothesis and based on the line-of-sight magnetic field and Doppler shift data obtained from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) observations. The study encompasses the analysis of 24 ARs observed during the period from 2011 to 2022. We find a strong correlation between the magnetic flux and the imbalance of radial velocity fluxes. The results indicate that the magnetic flux emergence hypothesis cannot fully explain the evolution of ARs during their early stages of development.