A Direct Method to Estimate Magnetic Helicity in Magnetic Clouds

Magnetic clouds are extended and magnetized plasma structures that travel from the Sun toward the outer heliosphere, carrying an important amount of magnetic helicity. The magnetic helicity quantifies several aspects of a given magnetic structure, such as the twist, kink, and the number of knots between magnetic field lines, the linking between magnetic flux tubes, etc. Since the helicity is practically conserved in the solar atmosphere and the heliosphere, it is a useful quantity to compare the physical properties of magnetic clouds to those of their solar source regions. In this work we describe a method that, assuming a cylindrical geometry for the magnetic cloud structures, allows us to calculate their helicity (per unit length) content directly from the observed magnetic field values. We apply the method to a set of 20 magnetic clouds observed by the WIND spacecraft. To test its reliability we compare our results with the helicity computed using a linear force-free field model under cylindrical geometry (i.e. Lundquist's solution).