A timeless, boundless, equilibrium universe.

It is suggested that the Doppler effect by means of which both Big Bang and Steady State cosmologies account for the increase of redshift with distance from the earth can be supplanted by the 'tired light' hypothesis of Zwicky (1929). As interpreted by Shelton (1954), this hypothesis holds that the Compton transition interactions of photons with the electrons of an intergalactic electron gas can yield the increase of redshift with distance. Given this, the universe is not expanding and may instead be described as boundless, timeless (without time or point of origin) and in a state of equilibrium.