FDTD study of the effects of the doubly ionized ions on the plasma immersion ion implantation process

The plasma sheath dynamics adjacent to the cathode in the presence of electrons, ions, and doubly ionized ions have been simulated in this work. The aim of the present investigation is, therefore, to study the effect of the doubly ionized ions on the characteristics of the plasma sheath dynamics such as potential distribution, sheath length, and ions dose and velocity near the surface (cathode). It was shown that the presence of the doubly ionized ions can increase the normalized potential of all positions in sheath region, sheath length, and ion/doubly ionized ions density ratio on the target. Obtained results may be helpful for analyzing the practical results of the surface operations such as ion implantation and plasma polymerization, etc.